麦秸-塑膜复合覆盖对玉米产量及土壤物理参数的影响研究

The Effects of Wheat Straw and Plastic Film Composite Cover on Maize Yield and Soil Physical Parameters

结合地膜覆盖与麦秸覆盖的保墒、生态效应,将2者集成麦秸-塑膜复合系统,分析了不同覆盖方式下的玉米生育进程、产量、耗水量、提高土壤有机质的水平等方面的指标。研究结果表明:覆膜和麦秸塑膜复合覆盖生育期较麦秸覆盖和无覆盖处理提早10 d,其耗水量相对较小,具有节水、减少无效蒸发的作用。与无覆盖处理相比,覆膜处理耗水量减少38.6 mm,复合覆盖处理耗水量减少44.0~59.6 mm;覆膜处理水分利用效率提高41.0%,复合覆盖处理水分利用效率提高20.8%~30.1%。与播种前相比复合覆盖土壤有机质含量提高8.62%~14.94%,对增加土壤有机质含量,提高麦草利用有积极作用,解决了秸秆覆盖技术在推广应用中常遇的"冷环境+低出苗+低产量"的问题。

Based on soil conservation and ecological effect of plastic mulching and straw cover, integration wheat straw and plastic film composite system, the process, yield, water consumption and efficiency are analyzed, the level of soil organic matter of corn has been improved under different kinds of coverage. The results show that the effect of the growth period of wheat straw and plastic film composite cover the wheat straw mulching and no mulching treatment early around 10 d, its water consumption is relatively small, has the function of water conservation, reduces ineffective evaporation. Compared with no cover processing, plastic film mulching reduces water consumption by 38.6 mm, composite cover reduces water consumption by 44.0- 59.6 ram. The treatment of plastic film mulching water use efficiency increases by 41.0%, composite cover increases by 20.8%- 30.1%. Compared with previous sowing composite cover promoting the soil, organic matter content increases by 8.62% - 14.94%. Improving the wheat straw utilization has positive effects, and has solved the straw mulching technology in popularization and application of ＂cold environment ＋ low emergence＋ low output＂.