阅读障碍风险家庭幼儿与正常幼儿词汇发展对比研究

A Comparison of Early Vocabulary Development Between Typically Developing Children and Children at Familial Risk of Dyslexia

目的探索17月龄~35月龄正常发展儿童和阅读障碍高风险家庭幼儿词汇发展路径的差异。方法使用荷兰语版《麦克阿瑟-贝茨沟通发展量表(词汇及句子)》调查荷兰语儿童的词汇水平及两组儿童的词汇类别,即名词、谓词、虚词的词汇量,对比正常儿童与高风险儿童的组间差异。结果两组儿童的整体词汇水平及各语义类别水平差异都在19-20个月时最明显,且高风险组的词汇水平低于正常组。高风险组儿童对虚词的掌握程度低于正常儿童,这一差异持续时间较长。结论阅读障碍高风险幼儿与典型发展幼儿的词汇发展路径不同,幼儿词汇水平也许可以为预测其未来阅读发展提供依据。

Objectivo We examined early vocabulary developments in children at familial risk （FR） of dyslexia and typically developing （TD） children between 17 and 35 months of age. Methods The Dutch version of the McArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory （Words and Sentences） （N-CDI） was used to measure the vocabulary development. We analyzed group-level differences for both total vocabulary as well as lexical classes： common nouns, predicates, and closed class words. Results At the group level, for both total vocabulary and the composites, the difference between TD and FR was most pronounced at 19-20 months, with FRs having lower scores. Conclusions There is a sensitive window in which the difference between FR and TD is the most evident.