农田景观中功能植物的类型及其生物控害作用

Types of functional plant and its bio-controlling effect in agricultural landscape

在作物系统中,不同类型的植物与主要农作物的配置能够有效提高天敌对害虫的生物控害作用,抑制害虫种群。这些植物通常称为功能植物或次生植物,可划分为7类:伴生植物、驱虫植物、屏障植物、指示植物、诱集植物、虫源植物以及银行植物。然而,功能植物的有效性及其对害虫种群的控制功能还未在生物防治中得到很好的应用。这主要是在实际操作过程中,缺乏能够对不同类型植物的利用步骤和过程提供的指导的完善的系统,尤其是缺乏功能植物对3级营养关系的影响的具体论证。目前,实践应用中的难题是专业术语和概念的混用,因此,本文尽量阐明每种植物类型定义和功能,以期为更好地利用功能植物提供科学依据。

In recent years, different types of plant or functional crop had grown together with primary crop for ecological post management in agroecosystem. The additional plants are often called as functional plants, which could increase sustainability of biological control against pests by natural enemies. Such functional plants fall into several categories： companion, repellent, barrier, indicator, trap, insectary, and banker. In spite of efficiency and function of biological control, functional plants in ecological pest management has not been made good use, which partly attributed to lack of complete research system for applying guide of different plant types, including effects of functional plants on three-level nutrition relationship. Mixed using of professional definition and terminology was current problem in its practice. Thus, definition and function of plants of every type were explained as clearly as possible in the paper, which was to provide scientific references for further application of functional plants.