文儒之戏与词翰之才——《文房四友除授集》及其背后的文学政治

Literary Game of the Writers and Genius of the Literary Officials——The Literary Politics Reflected in The Appointment Documents for Four Friends of the Study

晚宋郑清之、林希逸、刘克庄、胡谦厚等人的《文房四友除授集》,向来因其为游戏文章之总集,而不受人重视。其中,郑、林之文作于淳祐六年(1246),刘克庄之文作于淳祐八年,胡谦厚文约作于淳祐十年或之后。伴随其时的政局动荡,以及郑、林、刘三人的仕宦起伏,还有胡谦厚困于场屋的境遇,四人同作此类除授文字,其意非仅在于游戏,更在彰显词翰才华,同时透露各自不同的政治考量。宋本《文房四友除授集》中存录林希逸、刘克庄及胡谦厚序三篇,陈垲跋一篇,是极其重要的文学文献。

The Appointment Documents for Four Friends of the Study which consists of four series of articles of parallel prose composed by Zheng Qingzhi Lin Xiyi Liu Kezhuang and Hu Qianhou in the Late Song Dynasty is previously regarded as a work of literary game and thus neglected by people. These articles were written in the years from 1246 to 1250 reflecting the political experience the rise and fall of the writers during this period. Therefore these compositions not simply a literary game but a unique revelation of the writers' political ambition and expectation should be evaluated and analyzed from a new perspective.