“列宁时刻”:苏俄第一次对华宣言的传入与五四后思想界的转变

The Lenin Moment: The First Soviet Declaration to China and the Turning Point in Intellectual Circles After the May Fourth Movement

1920年3月底4月初,苏俄势力进至远东,其第一次对华宣言亦随之传入中国,以传言形式在数月之间逐步呈现于中国媒体之中,得到国人热烈响应与欢迎。民众纷纷撰文、复信。这些反复公开发表的文字使苏俄在中国思想界形成了全新的形象:原本是毁誉参半的"社会革命"的代表,仅是部分时人试图模仿的榜样,宣言之后更有了主动主持世界正义的英雄形象,取美国而代之,地位急遽提升。苏俄新形象的确立,不仅直接造成了中国思想界的美俄易位,更因外交的"正义"使得其内政进一步正面化,从而在中国出现了"列宁时刻","为苏俄式的共产主义在中国铺了一条路"。

As the Soviet Russia was gaining more clout in the Far East around late March or early April in 1920 its first declaration to China was made public in China. Within a few months the declaration was gradually spread by the Chinese media and well received among the Chinese people. Articles and replies regarding to the declaration were found in plenty of publications at the same time and this helped to build up a new image of the Soviet Russia in the Chinese intellectual circles which used to be a mixed character representing the social revolution but was not fully accepted. After its first declaration to China the Soviet Russia began to enjoy a more positive and inspiring image as a hero standing for the international justice taking the place of the United States and receiving a rapid growing status. The establishment of Soviet Russia's new image not only resulted in the US Russian transposition in the Chinese intellectualsmind but also brought the Lenin Moment paving the way for the Soviet-style Communism in China which is much more influential.