城市低保对象求职行为及其影响因素研究

Studies on Job-seeking Behaviors and Its Influencing Factors Among Urban Minimum Living Standard Scheme Recipients

通过多阶段分层随机抽样,对济南、长沙、包头三城市2 550个有劳动能力的低保对象进行问卷调查,其中正规就业比例为7.29%、非正规就业52.08%、失业比例为40.63%。进而将其中失业低保对象(N=1036)作为研究重点,探讨我国城市失业低保对象求职行为及其影响因素。研究发现,有劳动能力的失业低保对象中有求职行为的比例为32.83%,家庭照顾负担是制约失业低保对象求职的重要因素,需要照顾的家庭成员每增加1个人,则其失业期间找工作的概率会降低18.0%(OR=0.820);另外,社区低保失业比率和低保金水平没有对低保对象的就业造成负向激励效应。鉴于此,推行针对低保家庭的就业和家庭照料服务,是有效解决贫困群体就业的政策手段。

Through a multi-stage stratified random sampling, this study makes a survey on 2 550 recipients of Urban Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System who are able to work from Jinan, Changsha and Baotou. The results show that the formal employment ratio is 7.29%, informal employment is 52.08% and the unemployment ratio is 40.63%. This study focuses on unemployment recipients(N=1036) to explore their job-seeking behaviors and its impact factors, that the percentage of recipients who ever searched job during unemployment is 32.83%. And family care burden is identified as an important restricting factor for job-seekers, with each additional person needing to care in the family, the probability to seek jobs will be reduced by 18.0%(OR=0.820). In addition, the unemployment rate in community and the guaranteeing payment levels do not make a negative effect on job-seeking behaviors. Providing employment services and homecare services for low income families is an effective way to solve their employment problems.