社区纽带、资源分配与社区自治——基于S市“居站分设”实践的反思

Community Ties,Resource Allocation and Community Autonomy --Reflection Based on the ＂Ju Zhan Fen She＂ Practice of S City

长久以来，学者们将居委会的自治功能得不到发挥归因于其承担过多的政府行政职能，由此开出“居站分设”的“药方”，并于近年在全国范围内广泛推广。“居站分设”能否真正带来社区自治？对最早实施“居站分设”的S市案例进行研究，结果表明居委会行政化只是问题的表象，“居站分设”是一个建立在表面化诊断之上的“药方”。基于共同体理论和社区自组织动力的分析表明，社区天然纽带的缺失和政府资源介入未能创造社区纽带，才是社区自治难以实现的本质。在基于行政区划自上而下、社区缺乏主动性的公共资源分配方式不发生变化的前提下，居委会难以获取足够的自组织动力而成为社区自治的核心主体。

The bureaucratization of the neighborhood committee is considered to be the key barrier for community autonomy by many scholars for a long time. To address that problem,a reform called ＂Ju Zhan Fen She＂ which means to separate the administration affairs from the neighborhood to community workstation was carried out by local governments. Could this reform really achieve the purpose？ Based on a study in the S city,the article illustrates that ＂Ju Zhan Fen She＂ is a wrong prescription to community autonomy. Bureaucratization of the neighborhood committee is just the surface problem under which the root problem is the lack of the ties between community members and the top-down way of resource allocation also decrease the intensity of community participation. Only if the government changes the way of identifying a community as well as to change top-down way of resource allocation,can the neighborhood committee play a leading role in community autonomy.