论故意不法先前行为人的作为义务

The Obligation of the Deliberately Illegal Actor Creating a Dangerous Condition

关于故意不法先前行为人有无作为义务，理论上存在肯定说与否定说的对立。主要争点在于承认故意不法行为的先前行为地位，是否属于在结果加重犯外另起炉灶，有无可能违反“禁止重复评价”原则、导致中止犯的消亡，以及违反期待可能性原理等。问题的关键在于正确认定犯罪的个数，并贯彻“充分且不重复评价”原则，妥善处理先前行为的结果加重犯与不作为犯的关系。应当认为故意不法先前行为人具有作为义务。如果刑法就先前行为引起的加重结果规定了结果加重犯，或者刑法特别规定的某种罪名，则成立该结果加重犯或者数罪；如果不存在前述情形，则应根据犯罪行为和侵害法益的个数，讨论是否在作为犯之外另行成立新的不作为犯，并实行数罪并罚。

On the problem of whether the deliberately illegal actor creating a dangerous condition has obligation of action, there are positive view and negative view. The main issue is that, if we admit the deliberately illegal actor creating a dangerous condition, does that mean that we abandon the Consequential Aggravated Crime Theory, violating the Principle of Prohibiting Repetitive Assessment, leading to the perish of suspend crime theory, and violating the Anticipated Possibility theory, so on and so forth. To solve the problems, the key is to identify the number of crimes correctly, to implement the ＂full and unduplicated evaluation＂ principle, and properly handle the relationship of consequential aggravated offense and omissions. The paper insist on the following point of view： The deliberately illegal actor creating a dangerous condition has obligation to act; if the criminal law provision consequential aggravated crime for aggravated due to the act of a dangerous condition, or the criminal law provides a special charges, we should deal with consequential aggravated crime or a plurality of crimes. Otherwise, according to the number of offenses and infringe on legal interests, we should discuss whether to set up a separate new omission, and to concurrence of several crimes.