上颈椎骨折分型的研究进展

Classification of upper cervical fractures:a review

上颈椎骨折脱位是指由于创伤性外力因素作用于颈椎或头部而导致的枕骨、寰、枢椎的一系列病理性损伤。上颈椎骨折脱位常会导致患者产生如截瘫、四肢瘫痪,甚至死亡等严重的临床后果,因此明确其骨折类型并进行针对性治疗及其重要。由于颈椎解剖结构的特异性,发生在上颈椎骨性结构或韧带的损伤常呈现一定的骨折类型。常见的上颈椎骨折类型包括枕骨髁骨折、寰枕关节脱位、寰椎骨折以及3种类型的枢椎骨折:齿状突骨折、Hangman骨折和枢椎椎体骨折。本文将对这些常见的上颈椎骨折类型进行回顾性研究,旨在为临床工作者正确地选择上颈椎骨折的治疗方案提供帮助。

Upper cervical fracture-dislocations are series of pathological injuries occurred in occipital, atlas and axis caused by traumatic impact,which often results in severe clinical consequences,such as paraplegia,quadriplegia,and even death. In light of the potential severe clinical outcomes, it is important to define the type of upper cervical fracture-dislocations depending on which the clinician can deal with the disease properly. Owing to its specific anatomical structures, the upper cer- vical fractures occurr to the unique osseous structures or ligamentous connections always present in predictable patterns. Com- mon fracture include occipital condylar fracture, atlanto-occipital dislocation, atlas fracture, and the three types of fractures of axis, including odontoid fracture, Hangman＇ s fracture and axis body fracture. In this paper we will review the literatures about the classification and management of upper cervical fracture, to help the clinicians to treat their patients better.