青岛市中小学生体成分与血压的相关性分析

Analysis of relationship between body component and blood pressure of children and adolescents in Qingdao

目的分析儿童青少年脂肪组织指数(FMI)和非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)与血压的关系,为心血管病的早期预防和干预提供依据。方法以青岛市参加2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的4 469名7~17岁儿童青少年为研究对象,测量其身高、体重、血压及皮脂厚度等指标,用长岭晋吉公式和Brozek公式估算体脂百分含量(BF%),并计算FMI和FFMI。按照中国儿童青少年血压参考标准判定血压偏高与否,采用t检验和多因素线性回归分析等方法进行分析。结果血压正常组学生的上臂皮脂厚度、肩甲下角皮脂厚度及腹部皮脂厚度以及BMI、FMI、FFMI均低于血压偏高组学生(P均<0.01);多因素分析显示,肩甲下角皮脂厚度、FMI及FFMI对收缩压的影响具有统计学意义,肩甲下角皮脂厚度和FFMI对舒张压的影响具有统计学意义。结论 FMI及FFMI相对于BMI可以作为儿童青少年高血压更合适的预测指标。从儿童青少年开始控制BMI,FMI的增长,是预防成年期高血压的关键。

Objective To investigate the relationship between fat mass index（FMI）,fat free mass index（FFMI）and blood pressure in children and adolescents in order to provide evidence for early prevention and intervention for the cardiovascular disease. Method A total of 4 469 children and adolescents at 7~17years old in Qingdao from national student physical fitness and health survey were selected in 2014.The index of height,weight,blood pressure and sebum thickness were measured to estimate body fat percentage（BF%）and to calculate FMI and FFMI by Changling Jinji and Brozek formula.The t-test and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the level of blood pressure with reference standard of blood pressure of children and adolescent in China. Results The sebaceous thickness,lower sebaceous thickness,abdominal sebum thickness,BMI,FMI,FFMI in the normal blood pressure group were lower than those in the high blood pressure group（Pall0.01）.Multivariate analysis showed that sebum thickness of lower angle shoulder,FMI and FFMI were the influencing factors of systolic blood pressure,and sebum thickness of lower angle shoulder,FFMI were the influencing factors of diastolic blood pressure with significant difference. Conclusions FMI and FFMI can be used as a more appropriate predictor of hypertension than BMI in children and adolescents.It is the key to control BMI,FMI growth of children and adolescents to prevent the adult hypertension.