基于UPLC/Q-TOF MS对故宫纺织品文物中红色染料成分的分析鉴定

Characterization of natrual dyes in ancient red textiles of the Qing Dynasty by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry

对清代红色纺织品的染料进行提取,通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC/Q-TOF MS)对纺织品染料提取液进行分离检测,将其提取液和中国古代常用于染红的植物提取液的指纹图谱进行对比分析,发现该红色纺织品由苏木经过铝盐媒染而成。随后利用该方法对古代常用红色植物染料(红花、苏木、茜草)中的主要色素成分进行分析鉴定,从中分离出红花红色素、氧化苏木素、茜素等多种色素成分,为古代红色纺织品染料来源的判断提供科学依据。

Characterization of the dyes used in ancient textiles is an important step in archaeological research and the restoration of cultural relics. However, the minute amounts of ancient materials available present a challenge for analysis. In this paper, extracts of the red dyes from the textiles of the Qing-Dynasty Imperial Palace were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry （ UPLC/Q-TOF MS）. Comparing the data with those for extracts of the possible plants sources obtained under the same conditions shows that the ancient red textiles were dyed with the extracts of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Three plants which were used as red dyes in ancient China were also extracted and analyzed with UPLC/Q-TOF MS based on UNIFI soft- ware. UPLC/Q-TOF MS is an effective tool for identification of natural dyes in ancient textiles. These conclusions provide basic data for the future study of ancient dyeing technology.