试论损害股东优先购买权的合同效力

On the Contract Validity of Violating Stakeholders's Preemptive Rights

有限责任公司股东向第三人转让股权时,受到原有股东优先购买权的限制;就违反该程序订立的股权转让合同,学术界与实务界的观点已趋于一致,即该类合同为有效合同。但根据最高人民法院公布的《公司法解释四》(征求意见稿)的第27条的裁判规则,结论却大相径庭。正确适用该款司法解释的关键在于重新以股权转让为中心,以违反法律效力性强制规定否定合同效力,进而实现股东利益的最大程度的保护。

when shareholders of a limited liability company transfer the shares, the outside-transfer procedures of shares are limited. In the fields of practice and theory, the contract which violated the shareholders preemptive right terms is effective, not voidable. However, according to the Judicial Opinion Four Concerning Company Law （ draft） of the Supreme People＇s court,the conclusion is quite different. The key to understand the judicial interpreta- tion correctly is the way whitch based on the transfer of shares, the validity of the contract is negated by the manda- tory provisions. The explanation path can provide a reasonable demonstration process for the invalidity of the con- tract.