仅有转账凭证如何认定民间借贷事实——以50份适用《民间借贷司法解释》第17条的判决书为分析样本

How to Determine the Fact of Private Loans with Only Transfer Vouchers——To Analyze with the Samples of 50 Judgments Applied to the Item 17 of Judicial Interpretation of Private Loans

《民间借贷司法解释》第17条是对原告仅能提供金融机构转账凭证、不能提供借款合同的情形下举证责任如何分配作出的规定,是一个对解决民间借贷事实认定困难具有重要意义的证据规则。当前的司法实务在第17条的解释适用上存在不同理解,不少案件对于同等的情形作出有关事实认定的方式或结果却各不相同。应结合原告提供的金融机构汇款凭证,被告的抗辩,当事人的经济能力,当地或者当事人之间的交易方式、交易习惯等认定借贷关系的成立与否。

The Item 17 of Judicial Interpretation of Private Loans makes the regulation about how to assign the burden of proof when the accuser can only provide a financial organ＇ transfer voucher but not any loan contract. It is a very meaningful rule for solving the problem in the determination of private loans. In the current judicial practice, there＇re various interpretations on the application of Item 17, thus many cases have different determination methods and results on the same kind of situation. The loan relations should be determined according to the financial organs＇ transfer vouchers provided by accusers, the pleas of the defendants, the parties＇ economic capability, and the local or the parties＇ ways and habits of trading.