明代《福建海防图》台湾地名考

Taiwan in the Ming Coastal Defense Map of Fujian Province

本文首次考证了明代《福建海防图》上的台湾地名，指出这幅地图画出了台湾从北到南的22处重要地名，不仅完整画出从基隆到鹅銮鼻的台湾岛西海岸，还包括台湾北方三岛中的花瓶屿与钓鱼岛列岛中的黄尾屿。这证明台湾在明朝时不仅属于福建管辖，而且明代中国人非常了解台湾，中国人最早绘制出完整的台湾地图。以前有人认为明代中国人从未绘制过完整的台湾地图，根据《福建海防图》可知，这个观点完全错误。这幅地图还画出了北港、魍港，解决了前人对这二港位置的争论。

This article studies the references to Taiwan detailed in the Mingera Coastal Defense Map of Fujian Province. The map indicates twenty-two places of significance in Taiwan, including the entire western coast from Jilong to Eluanbi, and portions of the Diaoyu Islands in the north. It further marks clearly the locations of Beigang and Wanggang, resolving arguments over whether the two ports were the same or different places. This article effectively disputes the view that Chinese during the Ming knew very little about Taiwan or that they never drew any maps of the island. It also demonstrates that Taiwan came under the coastal jurisdiction of the Ming.