“纲首”与宋日、宋丽交往

＂Gang Shou＂ and the Exchange of Song Dynasty, Japan, and Goryeo

宋商纲首（又称＂都纲＂或＂船头＂）是负责纲运的商人首脑,在宋日和宋丽贸易中发挥着重要作用。中、日、韩史料中也都有相应的记载,中日两国贸易港口都曾出土书有宋商纲首姓氏墨书的陶瓷器。这些宋商纲首亦商、亦使,是通晓东北亚各国政治、经济、文化各领域的本地通,有的被任命为当地的地方官,甚至任命为宋朝以及日本和高丽的国使。

Gang Shou （also named as ＂Du Gang＂ or ＂the bow＂ ） of businessmen in Song Dynasty means the head of the businessmen who was in charge of each group of goods transportation at that time, which played an important role in trades between Song Dynasty and Japan and in trades between Song Dynasty and Goryeo （Korea）. There are also relevant records in historical materials of China, Japan and Korea. It was said that there were unearthed cultural relics of Gang Shou of Song dynasty in trading ports both in China and Japan. Gang Shou of Song dynasty was not only the businessman but also the messenger. They were so familiar with every fields in countries of East and North Asia, such as in politics, culture and economy, that they were called ＂Local Knowledge＂ Some of them were appointed to the local magistrate, and some were even appointed to the National ambassadors of Song Dynasty, Japan and Korea.