存在与想象:泉州元代涉海墓志碑刻的历史书写

Existence and Imagination:a History in Quanzhou’s Yuan-Dynasty Epigraphs about Maritime Activities

史料和丰富的历史遗存均表明，泉州不仅是元代最大的贸易港口，也是各国使者频繁进出的外交口岸。1953年发现的“奉使忽鲁谟斯”碑无疑是学者研究元代泉州历史必引用的文物资料。数十年后，“盛柔善墓志”以及“许静山墓志”两方碑刻的出现，为研究元代泉州历史再次提供了极其珍贵的文物资料。尤其值得注意的是，这二位墓主都与元代著名的畏吾儿航海家亦黑迷失密切相关，前者是他的妻子，后者是他一手提携的官员。基于泉州的特殊地位以及亦黑迷失在海外事务中的权势，加上许静山出使异域与杨枢护送伊利汗国使臣回国均发生在大德八年（1304），这种历史巧合似乎告诉我们，他们执行的是同一使命。

The abundant historical data and relics indicate that Quanzhou is not only the largest trading port in the Yuan Dynasty but also an important entry/exit port for foreign envoys. The gravestone of＂Ambassador Hormuz＂ found in 1953 is undoubtedly the significant cultural relic data cited by all the scholars studying Quanzhou＇s Yuan-Dynasty history. Decades later, the discovery of another two gravestones, ＂Epigraph of Sheng Roushan＂ and ＂Epigraph of Xu Jingshan＂, once again provided the precious research resources. It is noteworthy that Sheng Roushan and Xu Jingshan had very close relations with Yiheimishi （＊Yighmis）, the famous Uygur navigator of the Yuan Dynasty. The former is his wife while the latter is an official he gave guidance and help to and promoted. It was in the same year of 1304 （the eighth year of Dade） that Xu Jingshan served as an envoy abroad when Yang Shu escorted envoys from llkhanate back to their country. Considering the special status of Quanzhou as well as Yiheimishi＇s power and influence in the overseas affairs, we can infer from such coincidence that Xu Jingshan and Yang Shu were sent on the same mission.