从《王公祠堂碑》来看王积翁使日问题

Discussion on A Diplomatic Envoy Sent to Japan led by Wang Jiwong Based on the Stele of Wang Family

在忽必烈两次征日本失败并积极准备第三次征讨之际，福建人王积翁被派遣出使日本。关于由他出使的原由，一方面是因他滞留大都期间官途不顺，渴求建功并积极融入到新朝的心态，另一方面忽必烈也看重他于四明、杭州、福州各地任职期间所获取的日本情报以及归降元朝的积极态度。而关于他出使的经过，向来为史家所忽视的《珊瑚木难》所载王积翁滞留合浦时的诗作亦可丰富其航行的过程。最后关于王积翁降元及使日的后世评价问题，当时的知识人多数还是持较为宽容的态度。而至明清时期，随着性理观念的强化以及明代“北虏南倭”外部环境变化，知识人的态度几乎呈现出一边倒的道德批判。

When actively preparing the third expedition to conquer Japan, after two failed attempts, Kubilai Khan sent Wang Jiwong, a Fujan local person, to Japan as a diplomatic envoy. There were two reasons for chosen him. Firstly, Wang＇s unsuccessful political career pressed him to seek opportunities to make contributions to the new dynasty. Secondly, Kubilai Khan highly regarded Wang＇s active attitude and the information he collected during his career in Siming, Hangzhou and Fuzhou. For the process of the visit, the Shanhu Munan, a largely unnoticed primary source, provides some new information about the trip, including Wang＇s sojourn in Hepu. As for the historical evaluation of Wang from his surrender to the Yuan and his diplomatic visit to Japan, contemporary literati generally had a tolerant attitude. But during the Ming-Qing period when the Neo-Confucian doctrines were entrenched and new conflict arose in the North with the Mongols and the South with Japanese pirates, literati overwhelmingly criticized Wang from the moral perspective.