成寻渡海登陆杭州原因考——以《参天台五台山记》为中心

Why did Jōjin Land in Hangzhou？ An Analysis of Jōjin＇s Visit to the Tiantai and Wutai Mountains

熙宁五年（日本延久四年，1072年），日本国僧人成寻在未获得政府颁发公凭的情况下，携弟子七人偷渡前往大宋天台山、五台山巡礼。据《参天台五台山记》一书记载，成寻一行即将抵达明州时，突然转向越州，并最终舍近求远选择在杭州登陆。目前学界对其原因的分析或语焉不详，或将着眼点放在成寻的主观选择上，忽视了中国商人才是他们在杭州登陆的最终决定者这一实情。与此同时，在成寻登陆杭州史实的背后，有着中日硫磺海贸往来以及宋朝抽解贸易的深厚背景。

In the fifth year of Emperor Xining of the Song Dynasty （1070）, the Japanese monk Jōjin sailed for the Buddhist holy mountains of Tiantai and Wutai along with seven of his disciples without obtaining a permit from the Japanese authorities. He later recorded his covert visit in an autobio- graphical narrative, Visit to the Tiantai and Wutai Mountains. This paper examines one intriguing passage from this account, which narrates how his ship, which was about to set anchor at Mingzhou, suddenly turned around and sailed instead for Hangzhou, where they ultimately landed. It shows that the decision to shift course came not from him or his disciples, but rather the Chinese merchants onboard the ship. Hangzhou was a major market for sulfur, as well as an administrative center where taxes could be easily paid.