我国危险化学品事故发生规律的统计分析与对策

Statistical Analysis and Suggestions on Hazardous Chemicals Accidents Occurring Regularities in China

在整理分析2011—2015年近五年间我国发生的958起危险化学品事故的基础上,从事故发生起数、事故类型、事故发生时间、事故发生场所等方面进行统计分析,深入研究了近年来我国危险化学品事故发生的规律。结果表明:新《危险化学品安全管理条例》颁布实施后,我国危险化学品事故发生起数明显减少,2012—2015年年均事故起数约为2006—2011年的52%;在事故类型上,危险化学品泄漏与爆炸是风险最高的事故类型,分别体现在频率及后果上;在事故发生场所上,固定式场所泄漏与爆炸事故类型发生比例相当,移动式场所泄漏事故更加频发,所占比例高达68%;在事故发生时间上,春夏交际(5~7月)和秋冬交际(10~11月)是事故发生的两个高峰时节;在事故发生时段上,固定式场所10~12时和16时是事故高发时段,移动式场所整体上0~12时要高于12~24时。最后,基于上述统计结果提出了增强我国危险化学品事故防控能力的一些对策与建议。

Based on the statistics of 958 hazardous chemical accidents happening in China during 2011-- 2015,We analyze the regularities of chemical accidents recently in China from overall situation,accident types, occurring times ,occurring places etc. It is pointed out that after the promulgation and implementa- tion of the revised Regulation on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals in 2012,the number of acci- dents reduces significantly,with an average annual number of half the previous six years. In the aspect of types,Leakage and explosion are the more risky accidents. In the aspect of occurring time,from May to July and from October to November are two occurring peak periods. Leakage and Explosion happen more fre- quently in fixed places versus leakage is particularly significant in mobile places,with a proportion up to 68%. In a day,8 ： 00~10 ： 00 and 16 ： 00 are two peak occurring periods in fixed places while 0 ： 00~12 ： 00 in mobile places. Finally,we propose some suggestions in order to prevent and control hazardous chemi- cal accidents in China.