利益、治安与风水:清代巴县档案中的采矿纠纷

Interests,Public Security Order and Geomancy:Mining Disputes of Ba County Archives in the Qing Dynasty

清代矿产的禁和驰成为了上到中央下到地方巡抚、基层知县关心的主要问题,其中风水影响论是现在一些学者提出的结论。本文采用巴县档案,通过分析乾嘉道年间的矿产纠纷发现,虽然地方风水、治安秩序、经济利益都影响着巴县地方矿产资源的开发,但是起到最终决定性作用的是经济利益和社会秩序而不是风水;风水仅仅是当事人用来维护社会秩序和经济利益的一种手段。整个清王朝矿产的开采屡禁不止,私矿开采泛滥的原因系于追逐利益的本性。

In the Qing dynasty,the ban on mineral products became the main issue of concern from central governors to grand coordinators and the grassroots magistrates.Now geomancy influence theory is put forward by some scholars as a conclusion.This paper analyzes the mineral disputes during the reign of emperor Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang based on Ba County Archives,and finds that although local geomancy,public security order and economic interests all affect the development of local mineral resources in Ba county,the final decisive role is economic interests and social order rather than geomancy.Geomancy is only used by the parties to maintain social order and economic interests as a method,which explains the reason that throughout the Qing dynasty mining couldn＇t stop despite repeated prohibitions,and the proliferation of private mining is the nature of profit-seeking.