政策性长期护理保险补贴制度研究

A Research on the Subsidies System of Policy-Oriented Long-Term Care Insurance in China

随着我国人口老龄化程度不断加剧,政策性长期护理保险作为一种解决失能老年人长期照护问题的新型模式,逐渐受到社会各界的关注。政策性长期护理保险的顺利开展离不开政府支持特别是财政补贴,但目前具体的补贴思路尚未形成。本文以北京市为例,从政府角度出发研究政策性长期护理保险最优补贴比例与保险覆盖率间的函数关系及影响因素。研究结果显示:单一的保费补贴方式并不能充分调动商业保险公司的积极性和发挥政府补贴效用,因此应建立综合全面的政策性长期护理保险补贴制度;最优补贴比例与保险覆盖率之间同时存在需求函数及约束条件下最优化函数关系;除保险覆盖率之外,保险产品价格、政府补贴支出额度、投保人初始财富以及风险偏好等因素均可以对最优补贴比例形成一定影响。

As population aging getting aggravated in our country today, the policy-sponsored long-term care insurance as a new model to care for disabled elderly people has gradually attracted the attention of all walks of life. To launch the policy-sponsored long-term care insurance smoothly, government support, especially the financial subsidies, cannot be neglected, but how to grant financial subsidies hasn＇t been decided yet. Using Beijing as an example, this paper researched the function relationship between the optimal proportion of subsidies and the insurance coverage and the influencing factors of the proportion of subsidies. The main conclusion was that sole subsidy on insurance premiums could not adequately arouse the enthusiasm of commercial insurance companies and played the role of government subsidies, so we should establish a comprehensive subsidies system for the policy-sponsored long- term care insurance;the optimal proportion of subsidies and insurance coverage had demand function and the opti- mal function relationship under constraint conditions at the same time;in addition to the insurance coverage, insurance product prices, government subsidies spending quota, initial wealth and risk appetite of insurance applicant could also affect the optimal proportion of subsidies.