4种待选苹果砧木与4种常见苹果砧木力学特性的比较研究

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Four Candidate Rootstocks and Four Common Apple Stocks

为选择优良苹果砧木资源,以4种待选砧木(SD1、SD2、SD3、SD4)和4种生产常用砧木(平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、圆叶海棠、M26)为试验材料,利用精密型微控电子式万能试验机进行压缩和拉伸特性试验,利用微机控制电子扭转试验机进行扭转试验,比较了待选和常用苹果砧木的力学特性。结果表明:苹果砧木顺纹抗压强度20.36~29.40 MPa,待选砧木SD1、SD3的抗压强度(29.40、28.79 MPa)极显著大于生产常用砧木平邑甜茶(26.61 MPa)和M26(23.01 MPa);苹果砧木顺纹抗拉强度37.53~57.37 MPa,SD1、SD2的抗拉强度(56.63、57.37 MPa)极显著大于圆叶海棠(37.53 MPa)、M26(47.73 MPa);苹果砧木抗扭强度22.04~30.43MPa,待选砧木SD2的抗扭强度极显著大于其他砧木,而SD3、SD1和SD4则与平邑甜茶、M26的抗扭强度差异不显著。综上所述,待选砧木的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗扭强度等基本力学指标均不差于生产常用砧木,符合生产上果树砧木力学性能的要求。

To select excellent apple rootstock resources,using four rootstocks（ SD1,SD2,SD3,SD4）as candidate rootstocks and four apple stocks commonly used in production（ Malus hupehensis（ Pamp.） Rehd.,Malus robusta Rehd.,Malus 26） as materials,the mechanical characteristics were researched. The compression test and tensile property test were conducted with the accurate micro-controlled electronic universal testing machine,and the torsion test was conducted with the microcomputer control electron torsion testing machine. The results were as follows. The compressive strength parallel to grain of apple rootstocks ranged from 20. 36 MPa to 29. 40 MPa. The compressive strength of SD1（ 29. 40 MPa） and SD3（ 28. 79 MPa） were highly significantly greater than that of Malus hupehensis（ 26. 61 MPa） and Malus 26（ 23. 01 MPa）. The tensile strength parallel to grain of apple rootstocks ranged from 37. 53 MPa to 57. 37 MPa and that of SD1（ 56. 63 MPa）,SD2（ 57. 37 MPa） were all significantly or very significantly greater than that of Malus prunifolia var. ringo（ 37. 53 MPa） and Malus 26（ 47. 73 MPa）. The torsional strength of apple rootstocks ranged from 22. 04 MPa to 30. 43 MPa,and that of SD2（ 30. 43 MPa） was highly significantly greater than that of other apple rootstocks,while SD3（ 25. 68 MPa）,SD1（ 24. 90 MPa） and SD4（ 24. 54 MPa） had no significant differences with Malus hupehensis（ 25. 53 MPa） and Malus 26（ 24. 33 MPa）. In conclusion,the basic mechanics indexes of candidate rootstocks were not inferior to common apple rootstocks in production,and satisfied the requests in production.