地熊蜂为设施南瓜授粉可行性初探

Preliminary Study on Pollination of Greenhouse Pumpkin by Bombus terrestris

为明确地熊蜂为设施南瓜授粉的可行性,通过对设施南瓜应用人工对花、激素点花和地熊蜂授粉3种不同授粉方式,比较授粉效果。结果表明:地熊蜂授粉的南瓜坐果率为91.11%,比人工对花和激素点花分别增加5.54%和40.65%;地熊蜂授粉的平均单果重为1.49 kg,比人工对花和激素点花分别增加8.76%和43.27%;此外,地熊蜂授粉不需要劳动力成本,相较于人工对花和激素点花平均每天可分别节约劳动时间1.06 h和0.74 h。说明利用地熊蜂为设施南瓜授粉,不仅能够促进坐果,提高产量,而且节省劳动成本,可以作为一项新技术在设施南瓜种植上试推广。

In order to clarify the feasibility of pollination of greenhouse pumpkin by Bombus terrestris,the comparative experiment on three different pollination methods of hand pollination,hormone treatment and bumblebee pollination were conducted. The results showed that the fruit-setting ratio of pumpkin was91. 11% and the average fruit weight was 1. 49 kg by bumblebee pollination,which were 5. 54% and 8. 76%,40. 65% and 43. 27% higher than those of hand pollination and hormone treatment,respectively. In addition,bumblebee pollination did not need the labor costs,which could save working time of 1. 06 h and 0. 74 h comparing with the other two methods,respectively. The experiment results proved that bumblebee pollination could not only promote fruit-setting and raise yield,but also save the manpower costs. Thus,the bumblebee pollination could be used as a new technology and promoted on the greenhouse pumpkin.