近20年辽宁省主要农业气象灾害时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Main Agricultural Meteorological Disasters in Liaoning Province in Recent 20 Years

利用辽宁省24个气象站1992—2011年农业气象灾害统计资料,分析了辽宁省主要农业气象灾害(干旱、暴雨、冰雹、大风、洪涝、冷害)发生频次的时间变化及空间分布特征,结果表明:近20年辽宁省旱灾发生频次显著增加,气候倾向率达到10.7次/10a;冰雹和冷害的发生频次呈明显增加趋势;暴雨和风灾也表现为增加趋势,只有洪涝灾害明显减少。近20年旱灾在辽宁省作物生长季(5—9月)内的各个阶段均多有发生;暴雨和洪涝灾害的多发期集中在7月下旬和8月上、中旬;雹灾主要发生在6月;7—8月是辽宁省风灾的高发期,而低温冷害以4月下旬和6月最为常见。从空间分布来看,辽西北地区是干旱和冰雹灾害的多发区;暴雨灾害多发区主要位于辽宁东南部,但大部地区洪涝发生频次都较低;辽宁中东部是风灾的高发区,而中北部是低温冷害的高发区。

Using the agricultural meteorological disaster statistics of 24 monitoring stations in Liaoning Province from 1992 to 2011,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the main agricultural meteorological disasters including drought,rainstorm,hail,wind,flood and cold damage were analyzed. The results showed that the frequency of drought disaster significantly increased by 10. 7 times every 10 years. At the same time,the frequency of hail and cold damage increased obviously,whilethat of flood decreasedobviously.The drought disasteroccurred more at all the stages of crop growth period（ from May to September）. The occurrence of rainstorm and flood mainly centralized in late July and the early and mid August. The hail disaster maily occurred in June,and the cold damage occurred more in late April and June. July and August were the high-incidence seasons of wind disaster in Liaoning Province. The spatial distribution results showed that drough and hail disasters were likely to occur in the northwest of Liaoning. The rainstorm and flood occurred more in the southeast region,and the frequency of flood was all lower in the most regions. The high-incidence region of flood disaster was in the mid-east of Liaoning Province,and that of cold damage was in the mid-north area.