机关枪与线装书:从“国学书目”论争看民初科学与国学之间的紧张(一)

Machine Gun and Thread-bound Chinese Book-The Tension between Science and Chinese Learning in Early Republican period from the Dispute of Chinese Learning Bibliography(Ⅰ)

192 3年初胡适和梁启超为清华学生开具“国学书目” ,引发一场关于整理国故的论争。参与者基本皆新派人物 ,因而也可视为新派内部就此问题整合观念的努力。争论中不论支持还是反对整理国故之人都经常援引“科学”以为助 ,像吴稚晖、康有为这样政治、文化立场都相当不同的老辈此时均特别强调中国急需的是“科学”的物质层面 ,而林玉堂等几位对“国学”认知不甚相同的年轻留学生却更注重“科学”的整体性 (其实是更侧重其“精神与方法”) ,并进而提出了“科学的国学”的口号。这些与学术相关的现象折射出超越于学术的意义 。

In early 1923, Hu Shi and Liang Qi chao opened a 'Chinese Learning Bibliography' for students from Qinghua University, which resulted in a dispute concerning the sorting out of Chinese classics. Participants in this dispute were mainly scholars with new ideas, hence the dispute could be viewed as an effort of integrating concepts within themselves. Both supporters and opponents of sorting out Chinese classics relied on 'science': Wu Zhihui, Kang Youwei and other senior scholars with different political and cultural stands emphasized Chinas urgent need of the material layer of 'science', while Lin Yutang and several young returned students from abroad, with different urderstandings of 'Chinese Learning', stressed more about the integrity of 'science'(in fact, the 'spirit and appraches' of 'science'),and further advocated 'scientific Chinese Learning'. Such academic phenomena reflected some super academic significance and should be studied in the historical framework of modern Chinese ideological evolution.