实际空调环境中大学生人体热反应及其对空调关闭影响的研究

Physiological Responses in Air Conditioning Environment and Its Effects on Air Conditioning Closing Behavior

针对实际间歇空调运行情况的体现,依托某实际空调房间,基于人体进入空调房间之前热经历以及空调环境变化的随机测试工况,通过人体主要部位皮肤温度等生理参数和室内环境参数的测试以及人体热感觉和空调关闭意向的问卷调查,研究分析空调环境中处于静坐状态人体的生理热反应及其与空调关闭行为的相互关系.结果表明,在四肢和颈部几乎暴露于环境的条件下,空调环境中人体脚底皮肤温度变化明显,并对人体热感觉产生重要影响,伴随脚底皮肤温度的降低,人体热感觉从热中性开始,之后以"阶梯降"的形式逐步降低.同时,尽管空调关闭时的人体热感觉存在差异,但从统计角度分析,决定空调关闭动作产生的关键因素仍是脚底皮肤温度.脚底皮肤温度又最终由人体的环境暴露状况(热环境经历和当前所处环境)所决定,空调环境温度越低,人体对空调环境的热不可接受度越高,空调关闭的动作越容易发生.与脚底相对照,颈部、胸部、手背、大腿和前臂的皮肤温度对人体热感觉和空调关闭行为不产生统计上的显著影响.

As a complementary research on human thermal adaptation in air conditioning environment, this study aimed to explore human physiological thermal responses in real air conditioning environment and discuss their effects on air conditioning closing behaviors.For this, one office room, equipped with one split air conditioner, was selected to provide real air conditioning environment, and 12 students volunteered to be subjects.20 field surveys about human thermal responses to air conditioning environment when subjects just leave a non-air-conditioned environment, to simulate the intermittent running of air conditioners in real conditions, were conducted in this office room. During each survey, skin temperatures of the main body parts were measured; and human thermal sensations were recorded. Additionally, the indoor temperature and relative humidity were measured. The results showed the significant variations of foot skin temperatures and their great effects on human thermal sensations when human limbs and neck were almost exposed in air conditioning environment. In response to this, human thermal sensations presented the＂stepdown＇trends from the votes of ＂thermal neutrality＇to the votes of＂cool＇or＂cold＂, demonstrating the great impacts of foot skin temperatures on human thermal sensation votes. Moreover, foot skin temperatures were also found to have statistical effects on human thermal acceptance level in air conditioning environment and their actions to turn off air conditioners, which eventually resulted from human exposure environments and their thermal history. The lower the indoor temperature in air conditioning environment, the more likely subjects to turn off air conditioner.By comparison, the correlations of human thermal sensation votes and their actions to turn off air conditioners with skin temperatures of the other body parts as neck,chest, hand, forearm and thigh, as well as heart rate and blood pressure have not reached statistical significance.