腰椎间盘突出发病机制的研究进展

Research progress on the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation

腰椎间盘突出是骨科的常见病、多发病之一,通常引起慢性腰痛、下肢麻痛等症状及相应体征,严重困扰患者的生活。随着现在人们生活作业方式的变化,腰椎间盘突出的患者逐年增加,尤其是年轻患者的数量不断递增。虽然关于其发病机制的研究一直以来从未停止,但因其复杂的生理病理改变,导致发病机制还未有明确而统一的解释。而关于其在各个领域的研究已经取得瞩目的成果,如机械力学、基质金属蛋白酶、免疫炎症反应等各类学说。该文就其发病机制综合国内外文献进行综述,为当今的发展方向提供新的引导。

Lumbar disc herniation is one of the common and frequently occurring diseases in department of orthopedics. It can cause chronic pain in the low back and lower limbs and other symptoms, which seriously reduces the quality of life in the patients. With the changes of the way people live and work, the number of the patients with lumbar disc herniation is increasing year by year, especially in young patients. Although the studies on the pathogen- esis of the disease have never been stopped, its complex physiological and pathological changes, and the pathogenesis are still unclear. However, its researches in various fields have attained great achievements including the theories of mechanics, matrix metalloproteinases and immune inflammatory reaction. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign literature on the pathogenesis of the disease, and provides a new guidance for the contemporary research.