脉冲作用下气体火花开关电极熔蚀研究

Researches on Electrode Erosion of Gas Spark Switch Under Pulsed Current

气体火花开关在脉冲功率技术领域中具有广泛的应用,是大型脉冲功率装置的关键器件之一,对装置的输出参数和运行稳定性都有重要的影响。电极熔蚀作为气体火花开关不可避免的问题,从气体火花开关应用之初就得到了关注和研究。国内外学者针对电极熔蚀问题,从电极表面形貌变化、蚀坑表征参数、熔蚀热源分析、电极材料移出作用力和电极熔蚀对气体火花开关性能的影响等多个方面进行了广泛的研究,提出了几种电极表面蚀坑的表征参数,形成了经典的1维、2维电极熔蚀模型,并初步研究了重复运行时电极熔蚀对气体火花开关触发性能的影响。分析了目前高功率火花开关研究所临的主要问题,讨论了快前沿脉冲重频作用下,气体火花开关在电极熔蚀机理上可能存在的区别,指出了电极熔蚀后续研究的方向和关键点。

Gas spark switch is widely used in the field of pulsed power technology. As one of the key components, gas spark switch dramatically influences the output parameters and operation stabilities of large-scale pulsed power facilities. Electrode erosion is an inevitable problem, which is concerned and studied since the beginning of the application of gas spark switch from the year 1950 to 1960. In view of electrode erosion of gas spark switch, domestic and overseas researchers extensively studied the following aspects： morphology change of electrode surface, characterization parameters of etch pits, analysis of erosion heat sources, remove forces of electrode material, and effect of electrode erosion on performances of gas spark switch, etc. Several characterization parameters for etch pits on the surface of electrode, as well as classical 1D and 2D models for electrode erosion were proposed. Influences of electrode erosion on triggered performance of gas spark switch under repetitive operation were preliminarily studied. The main problems of the previous researches were analyzed. The probable differences of electrode erosion mechanism under repetitive fast front pulse from the previous researches were discussed. The direction and key techniques of further investigations on electrode erosion were pointed out finally.