文书行政与秦代洞庭郡的县际网络

Document Administration and the Transportation Network on County Levels in Dongting Prefecture

里耶秦简牍是秦代洞庭郡下属迁陵县的文书档案,为了解秦帝国末端行政运行实态提供了第一手史料,也为还原洞庭郡十五个属县的设置情况和县际文书交往所依托的道路交通网络提供了条件。洞庭郡府的群发文书从郡治临沅或新武陵发出,分成四道依次传递到各县和都官机构;这些交通线不仅是洞庭郡内部文书传递的主干路线,也是洞庭郡与外部郡县交往的媒介,其所从属的交通网络支撑着洞庭郡日常的行政运行。同时,它与其他区域的道路交通相衔接,共同建构起了秦汉帝国的道路交通体系,在帝国行政中发挥着经络般的作用。以律令为指导,文书为载体,借助于初成体系的郡县行政制度和相对完善的道路交通网络,秦帝国的行政政令得以贯穿整个帝国,发挥着行政效能。

Liye Qin bamboo slips were file remains of Qianling county in Dongting prefecture, which provided a rare case of understanding the realities of the imperial administration. According to the process of passing documents, we can restore the buildings of fifteen counties in Dongting and the transport network on county levels. The process began to LinYuan where was the capital of Dongting, or the Xin Wuling county, and then passed through four routes in turn. These routes were not only the main route in Dongting, but also the media of Dongting interacted with external counties, and they affil- iated with the transportation network which supported the daily administrative operation of Dongting County. At the same time, it was connected with other areas of road traffic, constructing the road traffic system in Qin and Han empire, and also played an important role to the imperial administration what main and collateral channels were to body. With the laws as the guides, the documents as the carriers, relying on the beginning of the county administrative system and relatively perfect transport network, the administrative decrees of the Qin empire were able to run through the entire empire and develop administrative efficiency.