城市公共资源对农村儿童随迁的影响

Impact of Urban Public Resources on Migration Decision of Rural Children in China

儿童随迁是流动人口家庭化和家庭发展的核心环节,易受到共享城市公共资源的影响。因受到户籍制度的制约,城市公共资源和服务对流动人口子女的可及性仍存在或高或低的壁垒,因此,探究流入地城市公共资源,尤其是教育和医疗资源状况对流动人口子女随迁决策的影响,对于理解中国流动人口家庭化实现过程及政策需求具有重要意义。文章在2014年国家卫计委流动人口动态监测调查个人数据的基础上匹配同年全国各地市医疗和教育资源数据,并构建农村儿童随迁的影响因素模型。结果表明:流入地城市的公共资源数量与可及性对儿童随迁决策有重要影响;不同年龄段儿童的随迁决策倚重于不同类型的公共资源;而户籍制度壁垒会显著降低公共资源对流动人口子女随迁的拉动作用。

Children＇s migration is the core on migrant family＇s development.The decision process of family migration which has profound influence mechanism of children＇s migration differs from one family to another and highly depends on whether there is a chance of sharing urban public resources.This pa- per explores the impact of the urban public resources, especially education and medical resources, on the decision of rural children＇s migration.The empirical model is based on data from the dynamic moni- toring survey of migrant population conducted in 2014 as well as the medical and education resources data of the same year at city level.Results show that the adequacy and accessibility of urban public re- sources have significant influence on rural children＇s migration decision. For children in different age groups, migration behaviors rely on different types of public resources.Due to the restriction of hukou ,the impact of urban public resources on rural children＇s migration is significantly reduced in megacities.