近年来农民工的就业结构及其变化趋势

Recent Trends in Employment Structure for Migrant Workers in China

文章利用中国家庭收入项目调查2007、2013年数据,分析2007~2013年中国农民工的就业结构及其变化趋势。研究发现,2013年在受雇农民工工作获得途径上,依赖"强关系"获得工作的占50.82%,较2007年降低了13.8个百分点;在自雇农民工经营前的投资借贷上,90%左右进行了投资,30%左右进行了借贷,民间借贷是借贷的主要方式,但较2007年降低了20.53个百分点。其次,从就业身份、职业、行业、单位性质等结构来看,2013年自雇的比例接近30%,且较2007年上升了7.25个百分点;农民工就业职业主要集中在商业服务业人员、个体户和生产运输人员;就业行业主要集中在批发零售业、制造业和居民服务修理业;就业单位主要以个体和私营企业为主。在就业收入结构上,年收入在3万元及以上的比例显著增加了42.65个百分点。

This paper examines recent trends in employment structure for migrant workers in China over 200？ -2,013 using data from CHIP 2007 and CHIP 2013.While the majority of migrant workers obtain job through ＂strong ties＂, this percentage stood at 50.82% in 20]3, a 13.8 percentage point decline from that in 200＂7. Regarding investment and loan for self-employment, 90% invested and 30% borrowed in 2013, and private lending is the main type of loan but it has declined by 20.53 percentage points.The percentage of self-employment approximated to 30% in 2013 with an increase of ＂7.25 percentage points.Major occupations involve commercial service, self-employment and production and transporta- tion, and the main industries are wholesale and retail, manufacturing and resident service and repair service.The proportion of the migrant workers with an annual income over 30 thousand yuan has in- creased markedly by 42.65 oercentaae points.