中国大学科层制的形成、异化与回归——新制度主义的视角

The Bureaucracy of China' Universities: Formation,Alienation and Return——The Perspective of New Institutionalism

职权"法"定,理性至上,保障组织效率、公平,维系组织稳定是西方理想科层制根本的价值取向。中国现代大学科层制的形成遵循行政权力强制输入、为获得合法性和增加生存概率的自致、因为资源和利益依赖的诱致三种路径,结果导致我国大学科层制的发展偏离了向理想科层制发展的轨道,并附着显著的"权力意志"特征。对此,应通过重塑制度化的信念、规则和角色,打破组织资源依赖,充分发挥组织行动者的作用等策略来推动中国现代大学科层制向理想型回归,从而实现大学管理的科学化与现代化。

The fundamental value orientations of a Western ideal bureaucracy include the functions and powers originated from ＂law＂, rational supremacy, ensuring organizational efficiency and justice, and maintaining organizational stability. The formation of bureaucracy in China＇s modern universities follows three paths, compulsory administrative power input, independent change resuited from obtaining the legitimacy and increasing the survival probability, and change resulted from the temptation to obtain necessary resources and interests. Bureaucracy development of universities in our country has deviated from the ideal orbit, with the significant characteristic of ＂the wiU to power＂. To realize the scientization and modernization of university management, we should promote China＇s modern university bureaucracy to return to the ideal type, by reshaping institutionalization of beliefs, rules, and role, breaking the organizational resources dependence, giving full play to the role of the organizational actors.