从青铜器铭文看曾国贵族的婚姻关系

Bronze Inscriptions and the Aristocratic Marriages in the State of Zeng

本文根据青铜器铭文,勾勒出曾国贵族的婚姻关系状况,西周早期姬姓南公从周朝都城被封到曾国,曾侯谏的夫人为媿姓,媿姓女子来自北方狄人或者胡国。西周晚期至春秋早期,曾国的婚姻关系逐渐本土化,北与黄国通婚,西与邓国联姻,结成政治联盟,曾、楚虽然冲突激烈,仍然保持通婚关系。春秋早期晚段,曾国实际上已经成为楚国的附庸国,春秋中晚期,两国的婚姻关系密切,一直持续到战国中期,曾姬无卹是楚声王的王后,联姻是维持曾、楚关系的一个重要因素。

This article discusses the marriages of the aristocrats in the state of Zeng 曾 according to the bronze inscriptions. In the early Western Zhou dynasty Nangong 南 公, whose family name was Ji姬, was enfeoffed in Yejiashan in the present day Suizhou where the Zheng state was established. The wife of the Duke of Zeng, Jian 曾侯谏 had the family name of Kui 媿, and she was most likely from the minority groups of either Di 狄 or Hu 胡. The aristocratic marriages of Zeng（ 曾）began its localized nature from the late Western Zhou to the early Spring and Autumn period. Zeng formed political alliances with the states of Huang and Deng through marriages. Despite drastic clashes between Zeng and Chu, they also had marriage alliances. Towards the end of the early Spring and Autumn period, the state of Zeng had become the de facto vassal state of the Chu. During the middle and the late stages of the Spring and Autumn period, these two clans formed a marriage alliance that lasted to the middle Warring States period, visible in Wuxu 无卹, the princess of Zeng＇s marriage to the King Sheng of Chu.Thus, marriage alliance plays a key role in the diplomatic relations between Zeng and Chu.