偃麦草属植物醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白多态性及系统学研究

Polymorphism of Gliadin and Glutelin and Systematics Studies in Elytrigia

运用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)和十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对偃麦草属(Elytrigia)24个物种的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白进行了研究。以中国春为参照,按醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白电泳图谱条带迁移距离大小和条带多态性对供试材料进行聚类分析。结果显示,24份供试材料均呈现不同的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白电泳图谱,共分离出醇溶蛋白带纹83条和谷蛋白带纹53条,多态性均达100%,并且在相同染色体组组成的物种中,染色体数目越多,其蛋白带纹越多;偃麦草属24个物种的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白图谱均有明显差异,蛋白图谱可作为鉴定偃麦草属物种的指纹图谱。聚类分析结果显示,在材料间的醇溶蛋白遗传相似性系数为0.66时,24份材料被划分为6个主要类群,含E和St基因组的物种具有较近的亲缘关系;在谷蛋白遗传相似性系数为0.62时,24份材料被聚为4大类。聚类结果表明,染色体组成未知的物种Et.pachynera可能为异源多倍体物种。

The polymorphism of gliadin and glutelin in 24 species in Elytrigia was studied by using A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE. With reference to Chinese Spring, cluster analysis was applied in all the tested materials based on the stripe migration distance and stripe polymorphism on electrophoretography. Different electrophoresis patterns of gliadin and glutelin appeared in all the 24 tested materials, and 83 gliadin and 53 glutelin bands were extracted, which indicated 100% polymorphism. The Elytrigia species could be an excellent germplasm source for improving the wheat proteins. Furthermore, the number of bands increased with increasing chromosome number within the same genome. The gliadin and glutelin patterns from the 24 Elytrigia species showed differences, which could be used as a fingerprint for identifying different species from Elytrigia. The 24 species were divided into six groups with 0.66 genetic similarity coefficient for gliadin, and species carrying E and St genes had closer phylogenetic relationship. However, the 24 species were divided into 4 groups with 0.62 genetic similarity coefficient for glutelin. Although the genome composition of Et. pachynera is unknown, the cluster results implied that it is an allopolyploid species.