公平与安全对农民工社会融入的影响研究——基于生活满意和经济收入的作用

The influences of the perceptions of fairness and security of migrant workers on their social inclusion in cities: Based on the role of economic income and life satisfaction

作为城市的新移民,农民工的社会融入问题日益受到社会各界的关注。基于社会比较理论、需求层次理论和社会阶层理论,以河北省秦皇岛、唐山、保定和石家庄4个城市的农民工为研究对象,应用结构方程模型,分析了公平感和安全感对农民工社会融入的影响,及其间生活满意的中介效应和经济收入的调节效应,探讨其整个过程的心理作用机制和边界条件。结果表明,生活满意在公平感对社会融入的影响过程中起着部分中介作用;生活满意在安全感对社会融入的影响过程中起到了完全中介的作用;经济收入负向调节公平感和安全感与生活满意的关系,即经济收入越高,上述关系越弱。可见,公平感和安全感会影响农民工的社会融入程度,其影响多是通过心理评价活动来间接产生的。因此,政府应着重关注社会公平和安全体系的建设,维护农民工合法权益,关注其心理健康,使之以一个积极的心态融入城市生活。

As city＇s new migrants, the social inclusion issues of migrant workers have become a big concern by different interest groups of the whole society. Based on a survey data of 310 migrant workers of Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Baoding and Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province, and applying the social comparison theory, the demand hierarchy theory, and the social stratification theory, this paper constructed a structural equation model to analyze the influences of the perception of fairness and security of migrant workers on their social inclusion in cities, and specifically, the mediating effects of life satisfaction and the moderating effects of economic income. Results show that： 1） life satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between the perception of fairness and social inclusion; 2） life satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between the perception of security and social inclusion; and 3） economic income negatively moderated the relationship between the two independent variables and social inclusion. In summary, the perception of fairness and security would affect the social inclusion of migrant workers, and the influence was indirectly generated through the psychological evaluation activities. Therefore, to guide migrant workers to integrate into city life with a positive attitude, the Government should focus on the construction of social fairness and security system, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, and pay attention to their mental health.