论《宋元学案》中全祖望的案语及其学术价值——兼论宋元儒学思想史的建构

An Analysis of Quan Zuwang's Comments and Their Academic Value in Song Yuan Xue An

全祖望在《宋元学案》中的案语主要致力于学术源流、师承关系、事迹史实及乡邦文献诸方面的探讨。全祖望在序录中建构了完整的宋元儒学思想史体系,并且探讨了思想与政治文化等客观环境间的互动影响关系,贯穿着推崇学术创见,道德与学问并重,以及兼容并包的开放思想史观。在师承关系的考察上,全祖望基于兼顾史实与思想传承的立场,在承认客观师承关系的同时,又认为不能夸大其在学者思想形成过程中所起的作用。在史学考证上,全祖望坚持知人论世的优良传统,并继承了黄宗羲以诗证史的"诗史观",扩展了史料的范围。在乡邦文献的阐发上,全祖望致力于表彰浙东先贤的学术思想,发掘了大量宋元时期的乡邦文献,从而填补了思想史上的诸多空白。

Quan Zuwang＇s comments in Song Yuan Xue An mainly elucidate academic origins and developments, mentordisciple relationship, historical stories and local literature. First, Quan Zuwang constructed a complete system of the Confucian ideology of the Song and Yuan dynasties, and explored the interactive influence between ideology and political culture, historical ideas of academic innovation, equal stress on integrity and ability, and the all-inclusive ideas of ideological openness. On the mentor-disciple relationship, Quan proceeded from objective facts, and held that its function in the formation of scholars＇ ideas should not be overstated. On the discussion of historical stories, he adhered to the tradition of commenting on man and the world, and inherited Huang Zongxi＇s ＂view of poetical history＂, extended the historical data range. On the disinterment of local iterature, Quan Zuwang commended the academic ideology of East Zhejiang sages, explored lots of local literature of the Song and Yuan dynasties, and filled up many blanks in the history of thinking.