家庭老年照料对女性就业影响的异质性

The Heterogeneity of the Impact of Elderly Care on Employment for Women

基于1993—2011年"中国健康与营养调查"数据,本文采用IV-Probit和IV-Tobit方法控制内生性问题,从多个维度探讨家庭老年照料对女性劳动参与率和劳动时间的影响。总体而言,家庭老年照料会使女性劳动参与率下降4.5%,每周劳动时间减少2.7小时。分区域看,家庭老年照料对农村女性劳动参与率和劳动时间的影响大于城镇女性;从居住方式看,与父母(公婆)同住对女性劳动参与率的影响较大,但对劳动时间的影响相对较小;从家庭结构看,当兄弟姐妹数量较多时,家庭老年照料不会对女性就业造成影响;就是否照顾儿童而言,与仅照顾老人的女性相比,同时照顾儿童和老人的女性劳动参与率和劳动时间双双下降。另外。

Based on the data of CHNS from 1993 to 2011,this paper investigates the effect of elderly care on female labor participation and working hours from multiple angles by IV-Probit and IV-Tobit model to control endogeneity. In general,elderly care significantly reduces the female labor participation rate by 3. 2% and working hours by 2. 7 hours per week. From regional perspective,the impact of elderly care on labor force participation and working hours in rural areas is greater than urban areas. From the perspective of residential pattern,co-residential caregiving have much higher effect on labor force participation and less effect on working hours than that of live apart separately from their parents. From family structure angel,there is no obvious effect on employment for women who have many siblings. Compared with women care for the elderly only,the labor participation and working hours of women who care for the elderly and children are both reduced. What＇s more,the impact of age and education on female labor participation and working hours are different in each situation. Based on the empirical results,the corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.