生育二孩职业女性的母乳喂养支持——以北京为例

Who Is Responsible for Supporting the Breastfeeding of Two-Child Professional Women:A Case Study of Beijing

如何平衡家庭和工作始终是职业女性面临的难题,全面两孩政策的实施将这个问题的讨论推向了风口浪尖。哺乳是人类繁衍后代的本能之一,如今却成为女性再次回归工作岗位必须面临的第一道抉择关口。本文通过2015年"北京市生育二孩妇女孕产卫生保健需求调查"的数据,以社会支持网络为架构,分析各项社会支持对职业女性母乳喂养持续时间的影响,试图为全面两孩政策实施后建立"生育友好型"社会环境提供实践和理论依据。研究发现,生育二孩的母亲普遍存在断奶过早的情况,在职业女性中表现得尤为突出。当面临工作和母乳喂养的冲突时,在工作单位设置母乳喂养室、为女性提供更多的科学哺乳知识,能有效降低职业女性过早断奶的可能性;亲友的情感支持则可能"好心办坏事",反而导致职业女性提早断奶。

How to balance between family and career is always a serious problem to professional women. The implementation of China＇s universal two-child policy make it a heated topic again.Breast-feeding is not only one of the instincts of human reproduction,but also the first barrier for the professional women to return to work. Using ＂Beijing two-child women maternity survey data＂,this paper analyzes how social supports influence the weaning time of the two-child professional women,trying to provide practical and theoretical basis for the establishment of a ＂family friendly＂social environment after the implementation of universal two-child policy. The study finds that most of the two-child mothers weaned their baby earlier than being suggested. The situation is more severe in professional women. Setting up breast-feeding rooms in workplace and popularizing scientific breastfeeding knowledge can both reduce the risk of premature weaning of professional women. However,emotional support of friends and relatives maybe ＂well-meaning but misguided ＂, leading to premature weaning instead.