近代上海出版人的汇聚、构成及影响

The Convergence, Composition and Influence of Modern Shanghai Publishers

上海无疑是中国近代出版业的中心,这一中心地位一方面来源于其覆盖性影响,另一方面因其对近代出版业品格的塑造。太平天国运动从人才、市场、理念等多个方面为上海近代文化市场的兴起准备了条件。东南地区的传统士绅为避难而汇聚上海租界谋求新的出路,新兴出版业成为一个主要选择。而在出版业领域起决定性作用的是19世纪90年代科举正途出身的士绅阶层,特别是像张元济、汪康年这样从传统士绅阶层分化出来的知识精英。不同于1843年上海开埠后较早参与出版业的口岸知识分子,以谋生为主要取向,传统士绅将历来的家国情怀注入新兴出版业,以启迪民智作为追求,不仅改变了当时上海出版业的格局,且形成了具有中国特色的出版品格。

Shanghai is the center of the Chinese modern publishing industry, the central position comes from its coverage influence on one hand, hut the other hand is more important, because it is the shaping characters of the modern publishing industry. The Taiping rebellion kingdom movement has prepared the conditions for the rise of Shanghai＇s modern cultural market in terms of talents, market and ideas. In the southeast, the traditional gentry is seeking a new way to get rid of concession in Shanghai, and the new publishing industry is a major choice. However, the decisive role in the field of pubhshing industry is the imperial right from the gentry class in the 1890s, especially like intellectual elites Zhang Yuanji, Wang Kangnian who separated from the traditional gentry class. Different from 1843 port intellectuals participated in the publishing industry after Shanghai opened up to the outside world to make a living, the traditional gentry who always had deep love for their country took part in the emerging industry in the pursuit of enlightening the public, which not only changed the pattern of the publishing industry in Shanghai, but also gradually formed the published industry with Chinese characteristics.