历史唯物主义视阈下的1917年俄国革命——纪念十月社会主义革命100周年

On Russian Revolutions in 1917 from a Perspective of Historical Materialism: In Commemoration of the Centennial Anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution

对于1917年俄国革命,我们以历史唯物主义为指导,以确凿的历史事实为依据,主要论述了以下三个方面的问题:一是二月革命的主要成果是推翻了沙皇专制统治。革命的动力是无产阶级和革命士兵。他们通过工兵代表苏维埃这一组织,手持武器,英勇战斗。但资产阶级窃取了革命成果。"两个政权并存"局面的出现是二月革命局限性的集中表现。二是二月革命后列宁及时制定了进一步实现社会主义革命的战略策略,包括提出四月提纲、统一党内思想、充分发动群众、与左派社会革命党联合行动、根据瞬息万变的形势及时变更革命策略。本文着重论述了列宁在这一时期的领导艺术,揭示了列宁不仅是一为伟大的理论家,还是一位杰出的实践家。三是论述了十月革命的历史地位和重大意义。十月革命不是二月革命的反动,而是它的继续和发展。两次革命都要肯定,但不能并立,不能调和。十月革命是俄国广大人民唯一正确选择,不是某个政党或某个领袖个人的选择。十月革命是世界社会主义发展进程中的一个重要的里程碑,鼓舞和支持了各国无产阶级的革命运动和殖民地的民族解放运动。十月革命的胜利打破了资本主义一统天下的局面,开创了资本主义和社会主义两制共存的新时代。

Based on historic materialism and verified historical fact, there are three problems about October Revolution that we should discuss: First, themajor achievement of the February Revolution is overthrowing Czarist autocracy. The proletariat and revolutionary soldiers are motive forces of the revolution.They are representatives of Soviet, carrying weapons and fighting heroically. However, the bourgeoisie stole the fruits of revolution. 'Coexistence of tworegimes' became the limitation of the February Revolution. Second, Lenin devised tactics of the socialist revolution, including April Theses, ideological unityof the party, fully arousing the masses, action with Socialist Revolutionary Party and timely adjustment of strategies. Lenin is not only a brilliant theorist, butalso an outstanding practitioner. Third, the historical necessity and significance of the October Revolution is undeniable. The October Revolution is heritage ofthe February Revolution. Those two revolutions are irreconcilable. The October Revolution is the only correct choice for Russian people, not for a certain partyor a certain leader. The October Revolution is a crucial milestone in the history of international socialist development. Its victory and the establishment of thefirst socialist country provided great inspiration and support to proletariat revolutions and colonial liberation campaigns. Victory of the October Revolutiondisrupted the previous world order united and led by capitalism, and unveiled a new age characterized by the co-existence of capitalism and socialism.