针刀和圆钝针的设计与应用

Design and application of needle-knife and yuandun needle

针刀医学创始人朱汉章教授发明了锐性分离针具——针刀,其发明专利"系列闭合性手术针刀"包括12种类型针刀。针刀包括针头、针身和针柄。针柄为扁平葫芦形或梯形,针柄均和刀口线平行。针刀的针身为圆柱状。针刀的针头形状变化成就了各种型号针刀。周建斌主任发明了钝性分离针具——圆钝针。圆钝针包括针身和针柄。圆钝针针身为长锥形,其头部为圆钝形。圆钝针的针柄为竹节形。针刀和圆钝针的治疗依据张天民教授的人体弓弦力学解剖系统和慢性软组织损伤病理构架的"网眼理论"。针刀刀法包括纵行疏通法、横行剥离法、提插切割法、骨面铲剥法、通透剥离法。圆钝针针法包括平行捅刺法和斜行捅刺法。针刀的优势是能够有效地松解软组织。针刀的缺陷是可能损伤正常人体组织。圆钝针的优势就是能够安全地松解软组织。圆钝针的缺陷是不能穿透致密结缔组织造成的治疗局限性。周建斌主任发明了能同时锐性分离和钝性分离的针具——通针。通针发挥了针刀和圆钝针各自的优势,同时避开了针刀和圆钝针各自的缺陷。

Professor Zhu Hanzhang invented a kind of sharp separating needle named needle-knife. His patent for invention ＂series of closed surgical needles＂ includes 12 types of needles. Needle-knife includes a needle, needle body and needle handle. Flat gourd-shaped or trapezoid handle of needle-knife is parallel to the blade line. The body of needle-knife is a cylindei. The different shape of the head of needle made various types of needle-knife. Professor Zhou Jianbin invented the blunt separation needle named yuandun needle. Yuandun needle includes a needle body and needle handle. The body of yuandun needle is long cone-shaped and the head is round-shaped. The handle of yuandun needle is bamboo-shaped. The treatment of acupotomy and yuandun needle therapy was based on body bowstring mechanical anatomy system and ＂mesh theory＂ of pathological framework of chronic soft tissue injury from Professor Zhang Tianmin. The cutting ways of acupotomy includes longitudinal dredging method, transverse dissection method, insert cutting method, stripping of bone surface method, permeability stripping method. Yuandun needle therapy includes parallel stab method and oblique stab method. The advantage of acupotomy is the ability to loosen soft tissue effectively and the defect is that it may damage normal human tissue. The advantage of yuandun needley is that it can safely loosen soft tissue and the defect is the limitation of treatment that cannot penetrate the dense connective tissue. Professor Zhou Jianbin invented tong needle, which can meanwhile sharp separate and blunt separate. Tong needle plays the advantages of needle-knife and yuandun needle and avoids the defects of needle-knife and yuandun needle.