欧洲大学质量文化建设：实践及启示

The Establishment of Quality Culture in European Universities:Practice and Enlightenment

欧洲大学的"质量文化工程"是外部组织推动与大学质量实践发展的必然结果,经历了由产出质量观到过程质量观的转变,对质量文化的理解达成了共识。过程、参与者和质量结构被认为是决定大学能否成功嵌入质量文化的三个基本要素。"调查欧洲高等教育机构的质量文化"工程表明,欧洲大学在质量保证方面取得了巨大的进步。对我国大学质量文化建设而言,政府需要大力倡导质量文化理念,高校采取恰当的质量保证工具及措施,在相互信任和有效沟通的基础上,将大学领导自上而下的推动与教师、学生自下而上的参与相结合,共同致力于提升教育质量。

＂The Quality Culture Project＂ in European universities was the result of the promotion of external organizations and the development of quality practice at universi- ties. It experienced a change from quality of outputs to quality of processes, and reached a consensus on the concept of quality culture. Processes, actors and quality structures were re- garded as three basic elements that determine whether universities can successfully embed a quality culture. ＂Examining quality culture in European Higher Education Institutions＂ found that European universities in quality assurance has made great progress. For the de- velopment of quality culture in our universities, the government should spread the concept of quality culture, meanwhile, universities should adopt appropriate tools and practices and combine the top-down way of the senior leadership team with the bottom-up way of teach- ers and students on the basis of mutual trust and effective communication, which would re- sult in the enhancement of educational quality.