政府与大学关系变革:芬兰、瑞典及比利时三国建设世界一流大学的经验

On the Reform of Relation Change between Governments and Universities:the Experiences from Finland,Sweden and Belgium in the Construction of WCUs

采用比较分析法研究发现,为形成政府控制与大学自治的平衡,芬兰、瑞典及比利时三国政府在建设世界一流大学进程中,通过高等教育改革、培育中介组织、完善法律体系等方式弱化政府对大学的直接控制,积极扩展大学的办学自主权,这为赫尔辛基大学、乌普萨拉大学及荷兰语天主教鲁汶大学成为世界一流大学创造了有利的外部环境。从三国政府与大学关系变革的绩效来看,虽然大学的自主办学权已经得到了有效落实,但政府作为大学的出资者与管理者仍然对大学保留有较大的影响力。政府通过中央教育行政机构以合同形式管理大学事务,建立协商互动的"政府—大学"良性关系,并以加强对大学教育质量的有效评估等手段强化对大学的间接干预。

This paper uses a comparative analysis and finds that in order to form a bal- ance between government control and university autonomy, Finish, Swedish and Belgian governments have undertaken the reform of higher education in the construction of WCUs by cultivating intermediary organizations, improving the legal system and weakening the di- rect control of governments in recent years. The outcome of the reform for the relationship between governments and universities of these three countries is obviously positive and uni- versities have effectively obtained autonomy from the governments. Nevertheless, it also can find from the reform that although the university autonomy has effectively increased, these three countries＂ governments still have greater influences on universities. Governments from those three countries attempt to establish positive relationship with universities on the basis of performance-agreement, communication, negotiation and evaluation. Governments also attempt to strengthen the effective evaluation of the quality of university education and which leads to indirect intervention.