国外跨文化交际能力测评50年

A Reviewof Intercultural Communication Competence Appraisals Abroad in the past 50 Years

国外关于跨文化交际能力测评的研究伴随跨文化交际学的发展而兴起。最早的跨文化交际能力相关测评工具约产生于上世纪60年代。就49个国外跨文化交际能力相关测评工具从多个角度进行分析,包括其产生年代、应用领域、测评对象、来源期刊、主要测评方式及定量测量工具产生的一般步骤,可见国外相关研究特点如下:跨文化交际能力测评的方法来源于心理测量学;目前呈现在"学界"与"业界"两边繁荣发展的态势;有定量、质性与混合三种测评方式,目前以定量方式为主,但对混合测评的呼声日益高涨。有关测评工具的研究总体向精细化和与职业特点结合的方向发展,已有学者研发出适合特定职业特点的跨文化职业沟通能力测量工具。作者结合国内的相关研究指出需要借鉴国外质性与混合研究的相关成果,但应注意测评工具的"文化对等性"及对我国国情的适用性。

The development of the discipline of intercultural communication is accompanied by the rise of the study on the assessment of intercultural communication competence. The earliest assessment instrument available to the author was developed in late 1950s and by now many tools have been developed. A multi-facet analysis is made concerning the 49 tools from the aspects of the time, the field, the objects of the assessment, the journals concerned, the assessment methods, the follow-up study on the tools and the steps to be followed in developing the quantitative instruments. The assessment methods originate from one source of the psychometric methodology. The related study flourishes in the two fields： academic and practitioner. Three approaches are applied in the related study： quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches deserve the Chinese scholars＇ attention but the scales＇ cultural equality and their applicability in China should be carefully considered.