交通基础设施质量、时间敏感度和出口绩效

Transportation Infrastructure Quality,Time Sensitivity and Export Performance

文章根据产品出口的空运比重和投入产出表构造了行业的时间敏感度指标,结合中国工业部门1998-2007年的企业数据,从时间敏感度的视角考察了交通基础设施对出口贸易的影响。研究发现:(1)不同行业的时间敏感度存在很大差异,越是高新技术行业,其时间敏感度越高。(2)交通基础设施的质量对于企业出口的影响存在明显差异,其中,质量等级更高的高速公路和一级公路对企业的出口参与和出口额有更为显著的促进作用。(3)从影响渠道来看,本省和邻省的交通基础设施都能促进企业出口,且对时间敏感度高的行业的影响更为显著,而本省交通基础设施的促进作用更强。(4)相比于比内资企业,外资企业对于交通基础设施的反应更敏感,这说明交通基础设施确实是中国吸引外资流入的重要因素。因此,交通基础设施的改善有助于我国的出口比较优势向高新技术行业转变,从而推动出口结构的转型升级。

This paper constructs an industry-level time sensitivity indicator,by combining the data on the share of air transportation at the product-export level and input-output table.Then it investigates the impacts of transportation infrastructure on export trade from the perspective of time sensitivity,by using enterprise data of China＇s industrial sector from 1998 to 2007.The empirical results show that：firstly,the＂time sensitivity＂varies substantially with industries,and a more innovative high-tech industry has much higher-level time sensitivity;secondly,the quality of transportation infrastructure has obvious effects on export trade;the express and first-class highway which are of higher quality than other roads play a more significant role in enterprise export participation and the amount of exports;thirdly,regarding the impact channels,both respective-province and neighboring-province transportation infrastructures promote enterprise exports and have more significant effects on industries with high time sensitivity,while respective-province transportation infrastructure plays a bigger promotion role;fourthly,foreign-owned enterprises,compared with domestic enterprises,are more sensitive to transportation infrastructure,showing that transportation infrastructure is actually an important factor affecting foreign capital inducement.Therefore,the improvement of transportation infrastructure is beneficial to the transformation of comparative advantages in China＇s export into high-tech industries,thereby promoting the transformation and upgrading of export structure.