三江平原富锦湿地公园恢复初期土壤种子库特征

Soil Seed Bank Characteristics of Restored Wetlands of Fujin Wetland Park in Sanjiang Plain

[目的]了解三江平原富锦湿地公园恢复初期种子库物种组成和规模。[方法]采用温室萌发法对比分析了三江平原恢复初期湿地和开垦湿地的土壤种子库特征。[结果]共萌发物种14种,其中,恢复湿地13种,开垦湿地8种,主要是稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、香蒲(Typha sp.)、春蓼(Polygonum persicaria)、灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)和菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)等物种,缺乏薹草(Carex spp.)和小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)等该地区典型沼生植物;恢复湿地单位面积萌发幼苗数量(389株/m^2)是开垦湿地(166株/m2)的2.3倍。地上植被常见香蒲(Typha angustifolia)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、泽泻(Alisma plantago-aquatica)、水葱(Scirpus validus)和野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)等水生植物。[结论]在以恢复薹草湿地等浅水沼泽或湿草甸为目的时,应采用播种、移栽等方式补充种源,同时加强植被监测和水位管理,以促进目标植被的恢复。

[Objective]To understand the characteristics of soil seed banks in Fujin Wetland Park in Sanjiang plain.[Method]The characteristics of Soil Seed Bank of wetland and reclaimed wetland in early stage of Sanjiang plain were analyzed by means of greenhouse germination.[Result]The results showed that the seeds of fourteen plant species germinated from the seed bank,with thirteen plants and eight plants in restored and farmed wetlands,respectively.And the common species in seed bank were Echinochloa crusgalli,Typha sp.,Polygonum persicaria,Chenopodium glaucum and Beckmannia syzigachne.However,some typical wetland species in Sanjiang Plain,such as Carex spp.and Calamagrostis angustifolia,were absent from the seed bank.In addition,the number of germinated seedlings per unitarea for 1-year restored wetland samples was about 2.3 times of that for farmed wetland samples.The common species for aboveground communities were Typha angustifolia,Alisma plantago-aquatica,Myriophyllum spicatum and Sagittaria trifolia.[Conclusion]In order to restore wetlands from shallow marsh or wet meadow for the purpose,we should adopt the sowing and transplanting of provenance,strengthen and restore vegetation monitoring and management level with the aim of promoting vegetation.