罗素权力价值观之探讨

A study of Russell's Theory of the Value of Power

权力对社会和个人的有用性构成了权力的价值属性,反映了权力满足社会及个人欲望的关系。罗素以人性需要为根本,从社会整体到个人、从不同形态权力的作用、从对无政府主义的批判中回答了人们为什么需要权力。进而,以伦理思想为指导,提出权力的善与正当,确定权力的价值追求是要以实现社会的普遍善为目的,表达了理想的权力价值观。然而从马克思主义权力观来看,罗素的权力价值观显得虚浮,他鼓吹的正当的、普遍的善,在传统剥削阶级社会里根本难以实现,只有马克思主义权力观指导下的社会主义社会里才有可能实现,因为权力的主体是广大人民群众,人民作为掌权者才能维护社会的普遍利益。

The usefulness of power on society and individual constitutes the value attribute of power. It reflects howpower can meet social and personal desires. From the perspective of human needs, Russell answered the question ＂why human needs power＂from his critique of society, individuals, the different forms of power and the negation of anarchism. Guided by his ethics ideas, he proposed the goodness and justness of power, argued that the value of power lied in the goal of realizing the social common good. However, from Marxist point of view, Russell＇s theory of power is shallow. The justified and common good which he advocated can hardlybe achieved in the traditional exploitative society.