均相羧甲基化法合成脂肪酸单乙醇胺醚羧酸钠的研究

Homogeneous synthesis of fatty acid monoethanolamide ether sodium carboxylate

研究了脂肪酸单乙醇胺均相羧甲基化合成环境友好型表面活性剂脂肪酸单乙醇胺醚羧酸钠。考察了羧甲基化过程的溶剂、碱浓度、物料配比及反应温度对羧甲基化的影响。实验结果发现,非质子型极性溶剂二甲基亚砜起到了重要作用,借助氯乙酸钠、氢氧化钠和二甲基亚砜三组分间的协同作用,实现了脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺与氯乙酸钠亲核取代过程的均相化反应和非均相分离,且碱用量少。当脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺、氢氧化钠和氯乙酸钠的投料比为1∶3.3∶1.2,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为2h时,脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺转化率达到95%,活性物含量为98%。用FT-IR红外光谱对脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺醚羧酸钠作了结构表征,并测试了其表面张力和发泡性能。

Fatty acid monoethanolamide ether sodium carboxylate（ AMEC） was synthesized by homogeneous carboxymethylation of fatty acid monoethanolamide（ AM）. The effect of different solvents,catalyst NaOH amount and temperature on the carboxymethyla- tion was investigated. It was found that aprotic polar solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide （ DMSO） , played three important roles in the nucleo-philic substitution between AM and chloroacetic acid ： homogeneous reaction, heterogeneous separation and decreased NaOH a-mount. The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,NaOH dosage,DMSO amount on the carboxymethylation were investigated. The results indicated that the conversion of AM up to 95% ,and active compound content 98% , DMSO could be recycled several times without losing its roles. The chemical structure of AMEC was characterized by FT-IR,and its surface tension force and foaming ability was evaluated.