可乐饮料对口腔牙釉质的早期损害研究

Study on early damage of dental enamel by cola beverages

目的探究可乐饮料对口腔牙釉质的早期损害。方法收集40颗下颌第三磨牙制备120个牙釉质样本块,将120个样本采用随机数表法分为4组,每组30个釉质块,其中一组为对照组。检测百事可乐、非常可乐、可口可乐3种饮料中的磷钙含量,分别采用微量化学分析法和维氏显微硬度仪检测经3种可乐饮料处理1、12和24 h后釉质块中磷钙含量的变化情况和釉质块表面显微硬度变化情况。结果百事可乐、非常可乐和可口可乐的磷浓度分别为(3.46±0.32)、(3.87±0.26)和(3.46±0.29)mmol/L,钙浓度分别为(3.58±0.25)、(0.09±0.06)和(1.32±0.19)mmol/L,3种可乐饮料均会导致牙釉质中钙磷溶出。磷溶出浓度由大至小分别为百事可乐、非常可乐和可口可乐,钙溶出浓度由大至小分别为非常可乐、可口可乐和百事可乐,且随着时间的延长,磷钙溶出浓度逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3种可乐饮料导致牙釉质表面显微硬度值降低的程度由大至小分别为非常可乐、可口可乐和百事可乐,且随着时间的延长,牙釉质表面显微硬度值逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论可乐饮料均会导致牙釉质显微硬度降低,导致牙釉质酸蚀,导致牙釉质表面脱矿程度最严重的为非常可乐。

Objective To explore the early damage of dental enamel by cola beverages. Methods Totally 120 blocks of enamel samples were prepared from 40 mandibular third molars and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group with 30 samples, one of them was used as the control group. The phosphorus content and calcium content of Pepsi Cola, Future Cola and Coca Cola were detected. Using micro chemical analysis method and Vivtorinox microhardness tester, the changes in phosphorus content and calcium content of the enamel blocks and the surface microhardness of the enamel blocks were detected after treatment with 3 kinds of cola drinks for 1, 12 and 24 h.Results The phosphorus concentrations of Pepsi Cola, Future Cola and Coca-Cola were(3.46 ± 0.32),(3.87 ± 0.26)and(3.46 ± 0.29) mmol/L respectively, and their calcium concentrations were(3.58 ± 0.25),(0.09 ± 0.06) and(1.32 ± 0.19) mmol/L respectively, which showed the three kinds of cola drinks would lead to calcium and phosphorus dissolution from enamel. The 3 kinds of cola drinks causing phosphorus dissolution in the concentration from high to low were Pepsi Cola, Future Cola and Coca-Cola; and those causing calcium dissolution in the concentrations from high to low were Future Cola, Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola. As time went on, the concentrations of dissolved phosphorus and calcium gradually reduced, the differences had statistical significance(P < 0.05). The 3 kinds of cola drinks inducing decrease of enamel surface microhardness values in the degree from large to small were Future Cola, Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola; and with the extension of time, the enamel surface microhardness value decreased, the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusions Cola drinks can cause decrease in enamel microhardness and enamel acid etching, among which Future cola results in the most serious demineralization of enamel surface.