从“比较”到“建议”——论上古议论语篇中否定比较句的功能扩展

From Comparison to Suggestion——On Functional Extension of Negatively Comparative Sentence in Ancient Chinese Argument Text

否定比较句是上古议论语篇中极为重要的组成部分,它以"X不如Y"为主要结构形式,其含义是说话人做出"X不及Y"的判断或评价。由于语用推理的影响,否定比较句在比较的基础功能上,又拓展出两种新功能:择优推断和建议行为,比较联结词"不如"由动词虚化为副词和连词,否定比较句的功能也由言语认知行为扩展到言语交互行为。

The negatively comparative sentence was one of the important composition in ancient Chinese argument text,whose main structure form is＂X 不如 Y＂,and with the meaning of the judging of＂X can＇t compare with Y＂.According to pragmatic reasoning,negatively comparative sentence gradually formed the other two Sentence patterns：Preferred inference＂与其……不如……＂and Suggested sentence＂（某人）不如……＂.The connectors＂不如＂grammaticalized to adverbs or conjunctions,and the function of the sentence extended to speech acts from speech cognitive.